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The German American Bund, or German American Federation ((ドイツ語:Amerikadeutscher Bund; Amerikadeutscher Volksbund, AV)), was an American Nazi organization established in 1936 to succeed Friends of New Germany (FONG), the new name being chosen to emphasise the group's American credentials after press criticism that the organisation was unpatriotic.〔Erik V. Wolter, ''Loyalty On Trial: One American's Battle With The FBI''. (iUniverse, 2004) ISBN 9780595327034. p. 65〕 The Bund was to consist only of American citizens of German descent.〔(Americans for Hitler – America in WWII )〕 Its main goal was to promote a favorable view of Nazi Germany. ==Friends of New Germany== (詳細はDeputy Führer Rudolf Hess gave German immigrant and German Nazi Party member Heinz Spanknöbel authority to form an American Nazi organization. Shortly thereafter, with help from the German consul in New York City, Spanknöbel created the Friends of New Germany〔 by merging two older organizations in the United States, Gau-USA and the Free Society of Teutonia, which were both small groups with only a few hundred members each. The FONG was based in New York but had a strong presence in Chicago.〔 Members wore a uniform, a white shirt and black trousers for men with a black hat festooned with a red symbol. Women members wore a white blouse and a black skirt.〔(IMDb Biography )〕 The organization led by Spanknöbel was openly pro-Nazi, and engaged in activities such as storming the German language ''New Yorker Staats-Zeitung'' with the demand that Nazi-sympathetic articles be published, and the infiltration of other non-political German-American organizations. One of the Friends early initiatives was to counter, with propaganda, the Jewish boycott of German goods which started in March 1933 to protest Nazi anti-Semitism. In an internal battle for control of the Friends, Spanknöbel was ousted as leader and subsequently deported in October 1933 because he had failed to register as a foreign agent.〔 At the same time, Congressman Samuel Dickstein – who many years later was revealed to have been a Soviet spy – was Chairman of the Committee on Naturalization and Immigration, where he became aware of the substantial number of foreigners legally and illegally entering and residing in the country, and the growing anti-Semitism along with vast amounts of anti-Semitic literature being distributed in the country. This led him to investigate independently the activities of Nazi and other fascist groups, leading to the formation of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities Authorized to Investigate Nazi Propaganda and Certain Other Propaganda Activities. Throughout the rest of 1934, the Committee conducted hearings, bringing before it most of the major figures in the American fascist movement. Dickstein's investigation concluded that the Friends represented a branch of German dictator Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party in America.〔(Investigate on un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States )〕 The organization existed into the mid-1930s, although it always remained small, with a membership of between 5,000–10,000, consisting mostly of German citizens living in America and German emigrants who only recently had become citizens.〔 In December 1935, Rudolf Hess ordered all German citizens to leave the FONG and recalled all of its leaders to Germany .〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「German American Bund」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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